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The Constitution Of India
The Constitution Of India
Home
The Constitution Of India
THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA ( PREAMBLE )
ARTICLE 1 PART I THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY
ARTICLE 2. Admission or establishment of new States.
ARTICLES 3 Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States.
ARTICLE 4. Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters.
PART II CITIZENSHIP ARTICLE 5 Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution.
ARTICLE 6 Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan.
ARTCLE 7. Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan
ARTICLE 8. Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside India.
ARTCLE 9. Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens
ARTICLE 10. Continuance of the rights of citizenship.
ARTICLE 11. Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.
PART III FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS General ARTICLE 12. Definition.
ARTICLE 13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights
ARTICLE 14. Equality before law
ARTICLE 15. Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
ARTICLE 16. Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
ARTICLE 17. Abolition of Untouchability
ARTICLE 18. Abolition of titles
ARTICLE 19. Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
ARTICLE 20. Protection in respect of conviction for offences
ARTICLE 21. Protection of life and personal liberty
ARTICLE 22. Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
ARTICLE 23. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
ARTICLE 24. Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
ARTICLE 25. Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
ARTICLE 26 Subject to public order, morality and health, every religious denomination or any section thereof shall have the right—
ARTICLE 27. Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
ARTICLE 28. Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions.—
ARTICLE 29. Protection of interests of minorities.
ARTICLE 30. Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
ARTICLE 31. [Compulsory acquisition of property.].—Omitted by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 6 (w.e.f. 20-6-1979).
ARTICLE 32. Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part.
2* [33. Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.
ARTICLE 34. Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area.
ARTICLE 35. Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part.
PART IV DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY ARTICLE 36. Definition.—
ARTICLE 37. Application of the principles contained in this Part.
ARTICLE 38. State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.
ARTICLE 39. Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.
ARTICLE 2* [39A. Equal justice and free legal aid.
ARTICLE40. Organisation of village panchayats.—
ARTICLE 41. Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.
ARTICLE 42. Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.
ARTICLE 43. Living wage, etc., for workers.
ARTICLE 3* [43A. Participation of workers in management of industries.
ARTICLE 44. Uniform civil code for the citizens.
ARTICLE 2* [45. Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years.
ARTICLE 46. Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections.
ARTICLE 47. Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.
ARTICLE 48. Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry
ARTICLE 49. Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance.
ARTICLE 50. Separation of judiciary from executive.
ARTICLE 51. Promotion of international peace and security
ARTICLE 51A. Fundamental duties.—
ARTICLE 52. The President of India.
ARTICLE 53. Executive power of the Union.
ARTICLE 54. Election of President.
ARTICLE 55. Manner of election of President.
ARTICLE 56. Term of office of President.
ARTICLE 57. Eligibility for re-election.
ARTICLE 58. Qualifications for election as President.—
ARTICLE 59. Conditions of President's office.
ARTICLE 60. Oath or affirmation by the President.—
ARTICLE 61. Procedure for impeachment of the President.
ARTICLE 62. Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.
ARTICLE 63. The Vice-President of India.
ARTICLE 64. The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States
ARTICLE 65. The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President.
ARTICLE 66. Election of Vice-President.
ARTICLE 67. Term of office of Vice-President.—
ARTICLE 68. Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.—
ARTICLE 69. Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President.
ARTICLE 70. Discharge of President's functions in other contingencies.
ARTICLE 1* [71. Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President.
ARTICLE 72. Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.—
ARTICLE 73. Extent of executive power of the Union.
ARTICLE 74. Council of Ministers to aid and advise President.
ARTICLE 75. Other provisions as to Ministers.
ARTICLE 76. The Attorney-General for India
Conduct of Government Business ARTICLE 77. Conduct of business of the Government of India.
ARTICLE 78. Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc
CHAPTER II.—P ARLIAMENT General ARTICLE 79. Constitution of Parliament.
ARTICLE 80. Composition of the Council of States
ARTICLE 3* [81. Composition of the House of the People.
ARTICLE 82. Readjustment after each census
ARTICLE 83. Duration of Houses of Parliament.
ARTICLE 82. Readjustment after each census.
ARTICLE 83. Duration of Houses of Parliament
ARTICLE 84. Qualification for membership of Parliament
ARTICLE 1* [85. Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution
ARTICLE 86. Right of President to address and send messages to Houses
ARTICLE 87. Special address by the President
ARTICLE 88. Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses.
ARTICLE 89. The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States.
ARTICLE 90. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman
ARTICLE 91. Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman
ARTICLE 92. The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
ARTICLE 93. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People.—
ARTICLE 94. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
ARTICLE 95. Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.
ARTICLE 96. The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration
ARTICLE 97. Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
ARTICLE 98. Secretariat of Parliament
ARTICLE 99. Oath or affirmation by members
ARTICLE 100. Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum
ARTICLE 101. Vacation of seats.
ARTICLE 102. Disqualifications for membership
ARTICLE 4 * [103. Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members.—
ARTICLE 104. Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified
ARTICLE 105. Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof.
ARTICLE 106. Salaries and allowances of members.
ARTICLE 107. Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.
ARTICLE 108. Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases
ARTICLE 109. Special procedure in respect of Money Bills.
ARTICLE 110. Definition of “Money Bills
ARTICLE 111. Assent to Bills.
ARTICLE 112. Annual financial statement
ARTICLE 113. Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates.
ARTICLE 114. Appropriation Bills
ARTICLE 115. Supplementary, additional or excess grants.
ARTICLE 116. Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants
ARTICLE 117. Special provisions as to financial Bills
ARTICLE 118. Rules of procedure
ARTICLE 119. Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business.
ARTICLE 120. Language to be used in Parliament.
ARTICLE 122. Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament.
ARTICLE 123. Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament
ARTICLE 124. Establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court.
ARTICLE 1* [(2A) The age of a Judge of the Supreme Court shall be determined by such authority and in such manner as Parliament may by law provide.]
ARTICLE 2* [124A. National Judicial Appointments Commission.
ARTICLE 125. Salaries, etc., of Judges.
ARTICLE 126. Appointment of acting Chief Justice
ARTICLE 127. Appointment of ad hoc Judges
ARTICLE 128. Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court.
ARTICLE 129. Supreme Court to be a court of record
ARTICLE 130. Seat of Supreme Court.
ARTICLE 131. Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
ARTICLE 132. Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases
ARTICLE 133. Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters.
ARTICLE 134. Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters.
ARTICLE 1* [134A. Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court
ARTICLE 135. Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court
ARTICLE 136. Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court.
ARTICLE 137. Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court
ARTICLE 138. Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
ARTICLE 139. Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs.
ARTICLE 140. Ancillary powers of the Supreme Court.
ARTICLE 141. Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.—
ARTICLE 142. Enforcement of decrees and orders of the Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc
ARTICLE 143. Power of the President to consult the Supreme Court
ARTICLE 144. Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court.
ARTICLE 145. Rules of Court, etc.
ARTICLE 146. Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court
ARTICLE 147. Interpretation
ARTICLE 148. Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
ARTICLE 149. Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General.—
AETICLE 1 2 [150. Form of accounts of the Union and of the States.—The accounts of the Union and of the States shall be kept in such form as the President may, [on the advice of] the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, prescribe.]
ARTICLE 151. Audit reports.—
ARTICLE 152. DefinitionA
ARTICLE 153. Governors of States.
ARTICLE 154. Executive power of State.
ARTICLE 155. Appointment of Governor.
ARTICLE 156. Term of office of Governor
ARTICLE 157. Qualifications for appointment as Governor
ARTICLE 158. Conditions of Governor's office.
ARTICLE 159. Oath or affirmation by the Governor
ARTICLE 160. Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies.
ARTICLE 161. Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.
ARTICLE 162. Extent of executive power of State.
ARTICLE 163. Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor
ARTICLE 164. Other provisions as to Ministers
The Advocate-General for the State ARTICLE 165. Advocate-General for the State
Conduct of Government Business ARTICLE 166. Conduct of Business of the Government of a State.
ARTICLE 167. Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc
CHAPTER III.—THE STATE General LEGISLATUR ARTICLE 168. Constitution of Legislatures in States.
article 169. Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States.
ARTICLE 4* [170. Composition of the Legislative Assemblies
Article 171. Composition of the Legislative Councils.—
Article 172. Duration of State Legislatures;-
Article 173. Qualification for membership of the State Legislature.
1* [174. Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution.
Article 175. Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses.
Article 176. Special address by the Governor.—
Article 177. Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses
Article 178. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly.
Article 179. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
Article 180. Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.
Article 181. The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.—
Article 182. The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council.
Article 183. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman.
Article 184. Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman.
Article 185. The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
Article 186. Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman.
Article 187. Secretariat of State Legislature.—
Article 188. Oath or affirmation by members.
Article 189. Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.
Article 190. Vacation of seats.
Article 191. Disqualifications for membership.
Article 4* [192. Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members.
Article 193. Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified.
Article 194. Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof.—
Article 195. Salaries and allowances of members.—
Article 196. Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.—
Article 197. Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills.—
Article 198. Special procedure in respect of Money Bills.—
Article 199. Definition of “Money Bills”.
Article 200. Assent to Bills.
ARTICLE 201. Bills reserved for consideration
Procedure in Financial Matters ARTICLE 202. Annual financial statement.
ARTICLE 203. Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates.—
ARTICLE 204. Appropriation Bills.
ARTICLE 205. Supplementary, additional or excess grants.—
ARTICLE 206. Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.
ARTICLE 207. Special provisions as to financial Bills.
Procedure Generally ARTICLE 208. Rules of procedure.
ARTICLE 209. Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business.
ARTICLE 210. Language to be used in the Legislature
ARTICLE 211. Restriction on discussion in the Legislature.
ARTICLE 212. Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature
ARTICLE 213. Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.
CHAPTER V.—THE HIGH COURTS IN THE STATES ARTICLE 214. High Courts for States 1***There shall be a High Court for each State.
ARTICLE 215. High Courts to be courts of record.
ARTICLE 216. Constitution of High Courts
ARTICLE 217. Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court.
ARTICLE 218. Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts.
ARTICLE 219. Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts.
ARTICLE 3* [220. Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge
ARTICLE 221. Salaries, etc., of Judges.
ARTICLE 222. Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another
ARTICLE 223. Appointment of acting Chief Justice
Article 4*[224. Appointment of additional and acting Judges.
Article 3*[224A. Appointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts.
Article 225. Jurisdiction of existing High Courts.
Article* [226. Power of High Courts to issue certain writs.
Aricle227. Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court.—
Article 228. Transfer of certain cases to High Court.
1* [228A. Special provisions as to disposal of questions relating to constitutional validity of State laws.].—Omitted by the Constitution (Forty third Amendment) Act, 1977, s. 10 (w.e.f. 13-4-1978).
Article 229. Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts.
Article 3*[230. Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories.
Article 231. Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States.
Article 1* [233A. Validation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judges.—
Article 234. Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service.
Article 235. Control over subordinate courts.
Article 236. Interpretation.
Article 237. Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates.
PART VIII 1*[THE UNION TERRITORIES] 2*[239. Administration of Union territories.
Article 3*[239A. Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories.
Aricle [239AA. Special provisions with respect to Delhi.
Article 239AB. Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery.
Article [239B. Power of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.
Article [240. Power of President to make regulations for certain Union territories.
Article 241. High Courts for Union territories.
Article 242. [Coorg.].
Article 1*[PART IX THE PANCHAYATS
Article 243A. Gram Sabha.
Article 243B. Constitution of Panchayats.
243C. Composition of Panchayats.
Article 243D. Reservation of seats.
Article 243E. Duration of Panchayats, etc.
Article 243F. Disqualifications for membership.
Article 243G. Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.
Article 243H. Powers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats.
Article 243I. Constitution of Finance Commission to review financial position.
Article 243J. Audit of accounts of Panchayats.
Article 243K. Elections to the Panchayats.
Article 243L. Application to Union territories.
Article 243M. Part not to apply to certain areas.
Article 243N. Continuance of existing laws and Panchayats.
Article 243O. Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.
1*PART IXA THE MUNICIPALITIES Article 243P. Definitions.
Article 243R. Composition of Municipalities.
Article 243S. Constitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc.
Artticle 243T. Reservation of seats.
Article 243U. Duration of Municipalities, etc.
Article 243V. Disqualifications for membership.
Article 243W. Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc.
Article 243X. Power to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities.
Article 243Y. Finance Commission.
Article 243Z. Audit of accounts of Municipalities.
Article 243ZA. Elections to the Municipalities.
Article 243ZB. Application to Union territories.
Article 243ZC. Part not to apply to certain areas.
Article 243ZD. Committee for district planning.
Article 243ZE. Committee for Metropolitan planning.
Article 243ZF. Continuance of existing laws and Municipalities.
Article 243ZG. Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.
Article 243ZH :- PART IXB THE CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES (Definitions)
Article 243ZJ. Number and term of members of board and its office bearers.
Article 243ZK. Election of members of board.
Article 243ZL. Supersession and suspension of board and interim management.
Article 243ZM. Audit of accounts of co-operative societies.
Article 243ZN. Convening of general body meetings.
Article 243ZO. Right of a member to get information
Article 243ZP. Returns.
Article 243ZQ. Offences and penalties.
Article 243ZR. Application to multi-State co-operative societies.
Article 243ZS. Application to Union territories.
Article 243ZT. Continuance of existing laws.-
THE SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS Article 244. Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas.
Article 6*[244A. Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefor.
PART XI RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES C HAPTER I.-LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS Distribution of Legislative Powers Article 245. Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
Article 246. Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.—
Article 3*[246A. Special provision with respect to goods and services tax.
Article 247. Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts.
Article 248. Residuary powers of legislation.-
Article 249. Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest.
Article 250. Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.
Article 251. Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States
Article 252. Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other State.—
Article 253. Legislation for giving effect to international agreements.
Article 254. Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States.
Article 255. Requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure only.—
Part XI CHAPTER II.—ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS General Article 256 Obligation of States and the Union.
Article 257. Control of the Union over States in certain cases.
*[257A. [Assistance to States by deployment of armed forces or other forces of the Union.]. Omitted by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 33 (w.e.f. 20-6-1979).]
Article 258. Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases.
Article * [258A. Power of the States to entrust functions to the Union.
Article [259. Armed Forces in States in Part B of the First Schedule.].— Omitted by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch. (w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
Article 260. Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India.
Article 261. Public acts, records and judicial proceedings.
Article 262. Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys.
Article 263. Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council.
PART XII FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS CHAPTER I- FINANCE General Article 264. Interpretation.
Article 265. Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law.
Article 266. Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States.
Article 267. Contingency Fund.
Article 268. Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the States.
Article *268A. [Service tax levied by Union and collected and appropriated by the Union and the States.].—Omitted by the Constitution (One Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016, s. 7 (w.e.f. 16-9-2016).
Article 269. Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States
Article * [269A. Levy and collection of goods and services tax in course of inter-State trade or commerce.
Article * [270. Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States.
Article 271. Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union.-
Article [272. Taxes which are levied and collected by the Union and may be distributed between the Union and the States.].—Omitted by the Constitution (Eightieth Amendment) Act, 2000, s. 4. (w.e.f. 9-6-2000).
Article 273. Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products.
Article 274. Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which States are interested
Article 275. Grants from the Union to certain States.
Article 276. Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments.
Article 277. Savings.
Article 278. [Agreement with States in Part B of the First Schedule with regard to certain financial matters.]. Omitted by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch.(w.e.f. 1-11-1956).
Article 279. Calculation of “net proceeds”, etc.
Article *[279A. Goods and Services Tax Council.
Article 280. Finance Commission.
Article 281. Recommendations of the Finance Commission.
Article 282. Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues.
Article 283. Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public accounts.
Article 284. Custody of suitors' deposits and other moneys received by public servants and courts.
Article 285. Exemption of property of the Union from State taxation.
Article 286. Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods.
Article 287. Exemption from taxes on electricity.
Article 288. Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain cases.
Article 289. Exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxation.
Article 290. Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions.
Article *[290A. Annual payment to certain Devaswom Funds.
Article 291. [Privy purse sums of Rulers.]. Omitted by the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971, s. 2 (w.e.f. 28-12-1971).
Article 292. Borrowing by the Government of India.
Article 293. Borrowing by States.
Article 294. Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases.
Article 295. Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases
Article 296. Property accruing by escheat or lapse or as bona vacantia.
Article *[297. Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union.
Article * [298. Power to carry on trade, etc.
Article 299. Contracts.
Article 300. Suits and proceedings.
CHAPTER IV - RIGHT TO PROPERTY Article 300A.Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law.
PART XIII TRADE, COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF INDIA Article 301. Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse.
Article 302. Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse.
Article 303. Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce.
Article 304. Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States.
Article *[305. Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies.
Article 306. [Power of certain States in Part B of the First Schedule to impose restrictions on trade and commerce.]. Omitted by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch.(w.e.f. 1-11-1956)
Article 307. Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304.
PART XIV SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES CHAPTER I Article 308. Interpretation.
Article 309. Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State.
Article 310. Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State.
Article 311. Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State.
Article 312. All-India services.
Article * [312A. Power of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain services.
Article 313. Transitional provisions.
Article 314. [Provision for protection of existing officers of certain services.]. Omitted by the Constitution (Twenty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1972, s. 3 (w.e.f. 29-8-1972).
(Part XIV.—Services under the Union and the States) CHAPTER II. PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS Article 315. Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States.
Article 316. Appointment and term of office of members.
Article 317. Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission.
Article 318. Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission.
Article 319. Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such members.
Article 320. Functions of Public Service Commissions.
Article 321. Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions.
Article An Act made by Parliament or, as the case may be, the Legislature of a State may provide for the exercise of additional functions by the Union Public Service Commission or the State Public Service Commission as respects the services of the Union or the State and also as respects the services of any local authority or other body corporate constituted by law or of any public institution.
Article 323. Reports of Public Service Commissions.
*PART XIVA TRIBUNALS Article 323A. Administrative tribunals.
Article 323B. Tribunals for other matters.
PART XV ELECTIONS Article 324. Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission.
Article 325. No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex.
Article 326. Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage.
Article 327. Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures.
Article 328. Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature.
Article 329. Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.
Article *329A. [Special provision as to elections to Parliament in the case of Prime Minister and Speaker.]. Omitted by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 36 (w.e.f. 20-6-1979).
PART XVI SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES Article 330. Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People.
Article *330A. Reservation of seats for women in the House of the People.
Article 331. Representation of the Anglo-Indian Community in the House of the People.
Article 332. Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
Article *[332A. Reservation of seats for women in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
Article 333. Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the 2 Legislative Assemblies of the States.
Artcle 334. *[Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after certain period]
Article 2*334A. Reservation of seats for women take effect.
Article 335. Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts.
Article 336. Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services.
Article 337. Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian community.
Article 338. [National Commission for Scheduled Castes].
Article * 338A. National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.
Article [338B. National Commission for Backward Classes.
Article 339. Control of the Union over the administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes.
Article 340. Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes.
Article 341. Scheduled Castes.
ARTICLE 342. Scheduled Tribes.
Article 343. Official language of the Union.
Article 344. Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language.
Article 345. Official language or languages of a State.
Article 345. Official language or languages of a State.
Article 346. Official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union.
Article 347. Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a State.
Article 348. Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc.—
Articke
Article 349. Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language.
Articlre 350. Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances.
Article 2*[350A. Facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage.
Article 350B. Special Officer for linguistic minorities.
Article 351. Directive for development of the Hindi language.
Article 352. Proclamation of Emergency
Article353. Effect of Proclamation of Emergency.
Article 354. Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.
Article 355. Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance.
Article 356. Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States.
Article 357. Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356
Article 358. Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies
Article 359. Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies
Article 359A. [Application of this Part to the State of Punjab.]
Article 360. Provisions as to financial emergency.
Article 361. Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukhs.
Article [361A. Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures.
Article 2***[361B. Disqualification for appointment on remunerative political post
Article 362. [Rights and privileges of Rulers of Indian States.].
Article 363. Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc
Article 1***[363A. Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished
Article 364. Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes.
Article 365. Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union.
Article 366. Definitions.
Article 367. Interpretation
Article 368. 1 *[Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor]
Article 369. Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List.
Article 1 ** [370. Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
Article 1*[371. Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
Article [371A. Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland.
Article 1* [371B. Special provision with respect to the State of Assam.
Article 2*[371C. Special provision with respect to the State of Manipur
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